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Haplogroup I-M253
In human genetics, Haplogroup I-M253 is a Y chromosome haplogroup which occurs at greatest frequency in Fenno-Scandia.
The mutations identified with Haplogroup I-M253 (Y-DNA) are M253, M307, P30, and P40. These are known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It is a subclade of Haplogroup I. Before a reclassification in 2008, the group was known as ''Haplogroup I1a''.
The group displays a very clear frequency gradient, with a peak of approximately 40 percent among the populations of western Finland and more than 50 percent in the province of Satakunta, and around 38 percent in Sweden as a whole, with a peak of 52 percent in Västra Götaland County in central Sweden.
==Origins==
Haplogroup I-M253 arose from haplogroup I-M170, which appears ancient in Europe. The haplogroup was previously thought to have originated 15,000 years ago in Iberia, but as of 2010 it was estimated to have originated between 4,000 - 5,000 years ago, in Chalcolithic Europe.〔Pedro Soares, Alessandro Achilli, Ornella Semino, William Davies, Vincent Macaulay, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, Antonio Torroni, and Martin B. Richards, The Archaeogenetics of Europe, ''Current Biology'', vol. 20 (February 23, 2010), R174–R183. (yDNA Haplogroup I: Subclade I1 ), Family Tree DNA,〕 A new study in 2015 estimated the origin as between 3,470 to 5,070 years ago or between 3,180 to 3,760 years ago, using two different techniques. It is suggested that it initially dispersed from the area that is now Denmark.〔Peter A. Underhill et al., New Phylogenetic Relationships for Y-chromosome Haplogroup I: Reappraising its Phylogeography and Prehistory, in ''Rethinking the Human Revolution'' (2007), pp. 33-42. P. Mellars, K. Boyle, O. Bar-Yosef, C. Stringer (Eds.) McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK.〕 A 2014 study in Hungary uncovered remains of nine individuals from the Linear Pottery culture, one of whom was found to have carried the M253 SNP which defines Haplogroup I1. This culture is thought to have been present between 6,500 to 7,500 years ago.〔
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